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  • Number of GO Term: 263
GO term
GO name
GO namespace
GO def
GO:0005886 plasma membrane cellular_component The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363]
GO:0006508 proteolysis biological_process The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah]
GO:0009987 cellular process biological_process Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0061458 reproductive system development biological_process The progression of the reproductive system over time from its formation to the mature structure. The reproductive system consists of the organs that function in reproduction. [GOC:dph]
GO:0022407 regulation of cell-cell adhesion biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell. [GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0008202 steroid metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. [ISBN:0198547684]
GO:0045104 intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization biological_process A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins. [GOC:ai]
GO:0008283 cell population proliferation biological_process The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. [GOC:mah, GOC:mb]
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus cellular_component A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0065007 biological regulation biological_process Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:vw]
GO:0007398 ectoderm development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0040007 growth biological_process The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:ma]
GO:0042102 positive regulation of T cell proliferation biological_process Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation. [GOC:ai]
GO:0002695 negative regulation of leukocyte activation biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. [GOC:add]
GO:0002683 negative regulation of immune system process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. [GOC:add]
GO:0048731 system development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid]
GO:0044238 primary metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. [GOC:go_curators, http://www.metacyc.org]
GO:0062023 collagen-containing extracellular matrix cellular_component An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rph, PMID:21123617]
GO:0045664 regulation of neuron differentiation biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0048584 positive regulation of response to stimulus biological_process Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. [GOC:jid]
GO:0007411 axon guidance biological_process The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. [ISBN:0878932437]
GO:0080090 regulation of primary metabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. [PMID:19211694]
GO:0010941 regulation of cell death biological_process Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0060429 epithelium development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung]
GO:0051249 regulation of lymphocyte activation biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. [GOC:ai]
GO:0010038 response to metal ion biological_process Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus. [GOC:sm]
GO:0007368 determination of left/right symmetry biological_process The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid]
GO:0042127 regulation of cell population proliferation biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:jl]
GO:0000139 Golgi membrane cellular_component The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus. [GOC:mah]
GO:0050870 positive regulation of T cell activation biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. [GOC:ai]
GO:0010720 positive regulation of cell development biological_process Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0030155 regulation of cell adhesion biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix. [GOC:mah]
GO:0043010 camera-type eye development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]
GO:0050867 positive regulation of cell activation biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation. [GOC:ai]
GO:0050868 negative regulation of T cell activation biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. [GOC:ai]
GO:0007165 signal transduction biological_process The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11]
GO:0022408 negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion biological_process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. [GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0030336 negative regulation of cell migration biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0007507 heart development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. [GOC:jid, UBERON:0000948]
GO:0030900 forebrain development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions). [http://www2.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwmednlm?book=Medical&va=forebrain]
GO:0070201 regulation of establishment of protein localization biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]
GO:0051960 regulation of nervous system development biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. [GOC:ai]
GO:0007162 negative regulation of cell adhesion biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0006928 movement of cell or subcellular component biological_process The directed, self-propelled movement of a cell or subcellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mlg]
GO:0007154 cell communication biological_process Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. [GOC:mah]
GO:0051716 cellular response to stimulus biological_process Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl]
GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
GO:0006357 regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
GO:0045121 membrane raft cellular_component Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. [PMID:16645198, PMID:20044567]
GO:1901564 organonitrogen compound metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound. [GOC:pr, GOC:TermGenie]
GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling biological_process Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]
GO:0060485 mesenchyme development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesenchymal tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells. [GOC:dph]
GO:0050865 regulation of cell activation biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation, the change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. [GOC:ai]
GO:0032944 regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation. [GOC:add]
GO:0043069 negative regulation of programmed cell death biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. [GOC:jl]
GO:0001947 heart looping biological_process The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation. [GOC:dph, PMID:12094232]
GO:0045892 negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
GO:0010556 regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process biological_process Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0048468 cell development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0045165 cell fate commitment biological_process The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. [ISBN:0716731185]
GO:0097190 apoptotic signaling pathway biological_process A series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
GO:0010817 regulation of hormone levels biological_process Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0051223 regulation of protein transport biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]
GO:0019222 regulation of metabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0030162 regulation of proteolysis biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. [GOC:mah]
GO:0051094 positive regulation of developmental process biological_process Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). [GOC:ai]
GO:0050866 negative regulation of cell activation biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation. [GOC:ai]
GO:0042130 negative regulation of T cell proliferation biological_process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation. [GOC:jl]
GO:1903037 regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:rl, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:21106532]
GO:0048709 oligodendrocyte differentiation biological_process The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system. [GOC:vp, PMID:15139015]
GO:0030545 signaling receptor regulator activity molecular_function Binds to and modulates the activity of a receptor. [GOC:ceb]
GO:1903507 negative regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription biological_process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:pr, GOC:TermGenie, GOC:txnOH, GOC:vw]
GO:0048598 embryonic morphogenesis biological_process The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants. [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu]
GO:0016043 cellular component organization biological_process A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. [GOC:ai, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]
GO:0003006 developmental process involved in reproduction biological_process A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete]
GO:1903039 positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:rl, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:21106532]
GO:0048729 tissue morphogenesis biological_process The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid]
GO:0043170 macromolecule metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:mah]
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity molecular_function The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same, or different, cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell, or remain attached to an adjacent cell surface (e.g. Notch ligands). [GOC:kv, GOC:molecular_function_refactoring, GOC:pdt]
GO:0051252 regulation of RNA metabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. [GOC:ai]
GO:0044093 positive regulation of molecular function biological_process Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. [GO:jl]
GO:0009888 tissue development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [ISBN:0471245208]
GO:0051251 positive regulation of lymphocyte activation biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. [GOC:ai]
GO:0051781 positive regulation of cell division biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. [GOC:ai]
GO:0010605 negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process biological_process Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0045893 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway biological_process The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes. [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, PMID:11532397, PMID:19619488]
GO:0051090 regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription. [GOC:ai]
GO:0065009 regulation of molecular function biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. [GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0001708 cell fate specification biological_process The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:2001141 regulation of RNA biosynthetic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. [GOC:dph]
GO:0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
GO:0032879 regulation of localization biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:mah]
GO:0009966 regulation of signal transduction biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. [GOC:sm]
GO:0001763 morphogenesis of a branching structure biological_process The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes. [ISBN:0721662544]
GO:0030546 signaling receptor activator activity molecular_function The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased. [GOC:ceb]
GO:0090090 negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway biological_process Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0009889 regulation of biosynthetic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0060560 developmental growth involved in morphogenesis biological_process The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape. [GOC:dph]
GO:1903038 negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion biological_process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:rl, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:21106532]
GO:0048839 inner ear development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:sr]
GO:0042221 response to chemical biological_process Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. [GOC:jl]
GO:0045934 negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process biological_process Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0008152 metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198547684]
GO:0048523 negative regulation of cellular process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:jid]
GO:0051172 negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. [GOC:ai, GOC:tb]
GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
GO:1902679 negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. [GO:jl, GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie]
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
GO:0051604 protein maturation biological_process Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. [GOC:ai]
GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferation biological_process Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator molecular_function A molecular function regulator regulates the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target. Examples of molecular function regulators include regulatory subunits of multimeric enzymes and channels. Mechanisms of regulation include allosteric changes in the target and competitive inhibition. [GOC:dos, GOC:pt]
GO:0032880 regulation of protein localization biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]
GO:0009855 determination of bilateral symmetry biological_process The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to a single longitudinal plane. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0050863 regulation of T cell activation biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. [GOC:ai]
GO:0019219 regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process biological_process Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0009799 specification of symmetry biological_process The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism such that a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts around a common axis, or around each side of a plane is created. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0002684 positive regulation of immune system process biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. [GOC:add]
GO:0032784 regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH]
GO:0051051 negative regulation of transport biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]
GO:0023051 regulation of signaling biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. [GOC:mtg_signal]
GO:0031327 negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah]
GO:1903506 regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:pr, GOC:TermGenie, GOC:txnOH, GOC:vw]
GO:0032501 multicellular organismal process biological_process Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. [GOC:curators, GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:tb]
GO:0030154 cell differentiation biological_process The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:1903706 regulation of hemopoiesis biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:pad, GOC:PARL, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:20080761]
GO:0005829 cytosol cellular_component The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
GO:0005102 signaling receptor binding molecular_function Binding to one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. [GOC:bf, GOC:ceb, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0002682 regulation of immune system process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. [GOC:add]
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum cellular_component The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0048519 negative regulation of biological process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:jid]
GO:0045595 regulation of cell differentiation biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0046649 lymphocyte activation biological_process A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. [GOC:mgi_curators, ISBN:0781735149]
GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression biological_process Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
GO:0007417 central nervous system development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. [GOC:bf, GOC:jid, ISBN:0582227089]
GO:0006996 organelle organization biological_process A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. [GOC:mah]
GO:0050896 response to stimulus biological_process Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. [GOC:ai, GOC:bf]
GO:0048869 cellular developmental process biological_process A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition. [GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0044237 cellular metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0009892 negative regulation of metabolic process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0050670 regulation of lymphocyte proliferation biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation. [GOC:ai]
GO:0042692 muscle cell differentiation biological_process The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell. [CL:0000187, GOC:go_curators]
GO:0042981 regulation of apoptotic process biological_process Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
GO:0010646 regulation of cell communication biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0007596 blood coagulation biological_process The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen cellular_component The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. [ISBN:0198547684]
GO:0001501 skeletal system development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb]
GO:0048518 positive regulation of biological process biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:jid]
GO:0002009 morphogenesis of an epithelium biological_process The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0048646 anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis biological_process The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb]
GO:0010001 glial cell differentiation biological_process The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]
GO:0048608 reproductive structure development biological_process The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of somatic structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:jid]
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane cellular_component The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum. [GOC:mah]
GO:0030177 positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]
GO:0009986 cell surface cellular_component The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:sm]
GO:0065008 regulation of biological quality biological_process Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:vw]
GO:0023052 signaling biological_process The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered. [GOC:mtg_signal, GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11, GOC:signaling]
GO:0050794 regulation of cellular process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0031323 regulation of cellular metabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. [GOC:mah]
GO:0004175 endopeptidase activity molecular_function Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain. [http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#ENDOPEPTIDASE]
GO:0022409 positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion biological_process Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. [GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0050767 regulation of neurogenesis biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells in the nervous system. [GOC:ai]
GO:0048513 animal organ development biological_process Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid]
GO:0009967 positive regulation of signal transduction biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. [GOC:sm]
GO:0032502 developmental process biological_process A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit
GO:0023056 positive regulation of signaling biological_process Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. [GOC:mtg_signal]
GO:0005539 glycosaminoglycan binding molecular_function Binding to a glycan (polysaccharide) containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0002696 positive regulation of leukocyte activation biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. [GOC:add]
GO:0030217 T cell differentiation biological_process The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:jid, GOC:mah]
GO:0043067 regulation of programmed cell death biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. [GOC:jl]
GO:0007010 cytoskeleton organization biological_process A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]
GO:0050769 positive regulation of neurogenesis biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. [GOC:ai]
GO:0010558 negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process biological_process Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0006629 lipid metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. [GOC:ma]
GO:0006897 endocytosis biological_process A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0716731363]
GO:0014706 striated muscle tissue development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. Skeletal muscle myoblasts fuse to form myotubes and eventually multinucleated muscle fibers. The fusion of cardiac cells is very rare and can only form binucleate cells. [CL:0000737, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_muscle]
GO:0042475 odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel. [GOC:cjm, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10333884, PMID:15355794]
GO:0070887 cellular response to chemical stimulus biological_process Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. [GOC:mah]
GO:0048870 cell motility biological_process Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mlg]
GO:0045665 negative regulation of neuron differentiation biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0050840 extracellular matrix binding molecular_function Binding to a component of the extracellular matrix. [GOC:ai]
GO:0002694 regulation of leukocyte activation biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. [GOC:add]
GO:0048732 gland development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion. [GOC:jid]
GO:0005615 extracellular space cellular_component That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. [ISBN:0198547684]
GO:0050679 positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation biological_process Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. [GOC:ai]
GO:0010035 response to inorganic substance biological_process Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus. [GOC:sm]
GO:0005576 extracellular region cellular_component The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0009887 animal organ morphogenesis biological_process Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. [GOC:dgh, GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0471245208, ISBN:0721662544]
GO:0090092 regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway biological_process Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:2000241 regulation of reproductive process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. [GOC:mah]
GO:0051146 striated muscle cell differentiation biological_process The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a striated muscle cell; striated muscle fibers are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and voluntary muscle are types of striated muscle. [CL:0000737, GOC:ai]
GO:0051239 regulation of multicellular organismal process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0007389 pattern specification process biological_process Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete, ISBN:0521436125]
GO:0010468 regulation of gene expression biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
GO:0035295 tube development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts. [PMID:12526790]
GO:0051240 positive regulation of multicellular organismal process biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. [GOC:ai]
GO:0070663 regulation of leukocyte proliferation biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation. [GOC:add, GOC:mah]
GO:0021953 central nervous system neuron differentiation biological_process The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]
GO:0022414 reproductive process biological_process A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0001775 cell activation biological_process A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. [GOC:mgi_curators]
GO:0010647 positive regulation of cell communication biological_process Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0051962 positive regulation of nervous system development biological_process Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. [GOC:ai]
GO:0050789 regulation of biological process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:ai, GOC:go_curators]
GO:0034243 regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH]
GO:1905114 cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in cell-cell signaling biological_process Any cell surface receptor signaling pathway that is involved in cell-cell signaling. [GO_REF:0000060, GOC:TermGenie, ISBN:0-7167-3051-0]
GO:2000026 regulation of multicellular organismal development biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development. [GOC:obol]
GO:0071704 organic substance metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. [GOC:mah]
GO:0031326 regulation of cellular biosynthetic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah]
GO:0034504 protein localization to nucleus biological_process A process in which a protein transports or maintains the localization of another protein to the nucleus. [GOC:ecd]
GO:0048562 embryonic organ morphogenesis biological_process Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. [GOC:jid]
GO:0097435 supramolecular fiber organization biological_process A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a supramolecular fiber, a polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure. [GOC:pr]
GO:0042129 regulation of T cell proliferation biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell proliferation. [GOC:jl]
GO:0060537 muscle tissue development biological_process The progression of muscle tissue over time, from its initial formation to its mature state. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers. [GOC:dph]
GO:0060548 negative regulation of cell death biological_process Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression biological_process Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
GO:0030098 lymphocyte differentiation biological_process The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. [CL:0000542, GOC:go_curators]
GO:0002521 leukocyte differentiation biological_process The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. [CL:0000738, GOC:add, PMID:16551264]
GO:0048583 regulation of response to stimulus biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. [GOC:jid]
GO:0009890 negative regulation of biosynthetic process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0005488 binding molecular_function The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. [GOC:ceb, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0060255 regulation of macromolecule metabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0048589 developmental growth biological_process The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0060284 regulation of cell development biological_process Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0030182 neuron differentiation biological_process The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. [GOC:mah]
GO:0016485 protein processing biological_process Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. [GOC:curators, GOC:jl, GOC:jsg]
GO:0002376 immune system process biological_process Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add]
GO:0040011 locomotion biological_process Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. [GOC:dgh]
GO:0050673 epithelial cell proliferation biological_process The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances. [ISBN:0721662544]
GO:1901360 organic cyclic compound metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. [GOC:TermGenie]
GO:0051253 negative regulation of RNA metabolic process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. [GOC:ai]
GO:0001568 blood vessel development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. [GOC:hjd, UBERON:0001981]
GO:0045597 positive regulation of cell differentiation biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0060341 regulation of cellular localization biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0045321 leukocyte activation biological_process A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. [GOC:add]
GO:0051241 negative regulation of multicellular organismal process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. [GOC:ai]
GO:0006807 nitrogen compound metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0045582 positive regulation of T cell differentiation biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0051250 negative regulation of lymphocyte activation biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. [GOC:ai]
GO:0051049 regulation of transport biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]
GO:0009653 anatomical structure morphogenesis biological_process The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0521436125]
GO:0008270 zinc ion binding molecular_function Binding to a zinc ion (Zn). [GOC:ai]
GO:0016477 cell migration biological_process The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. [GOC:cjm, GOC:dph, GOC:ems, GOC:pf, Wikipedia:Cell_migration]
GO:0051091 positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription. [GOC:ai]
GO:0007166 cell surface receptor signaling pathway biological_process A series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a receptor on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell surface receptor, or for receptors that signal in the absence of a ligand, by ligand-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:signaling]
GO:0035239 tube morphogenesis biological_process The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. [GOC:bf, PMID:14624839]
GO:0001822 kidney development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, ISBN:0124020607, ISBN:0721662544]
GO:0022603 regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis. [GOC:mah]
GO:0050793 regulation of developmental process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0042110 T cell activation biological_process The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. [GOC:mgi_curators, ISBN:0781735149]
GO:0030010 establishment of cell polarity biological_process The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. [GOC:mah]
GO:0005515 protein binding molecular_function Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0019538 protein metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification. [GOC:ma]
GO:0048522 positive regulation of cellular process biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:jid]
GO:0071840 cellular component organization or biogenesis biological_process A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. [GOC:mah]
GO:0005509 calcium ion binding molecular_function Binding to a calcium ion (Ca2+). [GOC:ai]
GO:0051171 regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. [GOC:ai, GOC:tb]
GO:0048856 anatomical structure development biological_process The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. [GO_REF:0000021]
GO:0045785 positive regulation of cell adhesion biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0032435 negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. [GOC:mah]
GO:0051050 positive regulation of transport biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]
GO:0007224 smoothened signaling pathway biological_process A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened. [GOC:mah, PMID:15205520]
GO:0048534 hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hematopoiesis (also known as hemopoiesis) or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation. [GOC:add, GOC:rl, ISBN:0781735149]
GO:0031324 negative regulation of cellular metabolic process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. [GOC:mah]