GO term |
GO name |
GO namespace |
GO def |
GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | cellular_component | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363] |
GO:0006508 | proteolysis | biological_process | The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah] |
GO:0009987 | cellular process | biological_process | Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete] |
GO:0061458 | reproductive system development | biological_process | The progression of the reproductive system over time from its formation to the mature structure. The reproductive system consists of the organs that function in reproduction. [GOC:dph] |
GO:0022407 | regulation of cell-cell adhesion | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell. [GOC:isa_complete] |
GO:0008202 | steroid metabolic process | biological_process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. [ISBN:0198547684] |
GO:0045104 | intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization | biological_process | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0008283 | cell population proliferation | biological_process | The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. [GOC:mah, GOC:mb] |
GO:0005794 | Golgi apparatus | cellular_component | A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. [ISBN:0198506732] |
GO:0065007 | biological regulation | biological_process | Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:vw] |
GO:0007398 | ectoderm development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:0040007 | growth | biological_process | The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:ma] |
GO:0042102 | positive regulation of T cell proliferation | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0002695 | negative regulation of leukocyte activation | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. [GOC:add] |
GO:0002683 | negative regulation of immune system process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. [GOC:add] |
GO:0048731 | system development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid] |
GO:0044238 | primary metabolic process | biological_process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. [GOC:go_curators, http://www.metacyc.org] |
GO:0062023 | collagen-containing extracellular matrix | cellular_component | An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rph, PMID:21123617] |
GO:0045664 | regulation of neuron differentiation | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0048584 | positive regulation of response to stimulus | biological_process | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. [GOC:jid] |
GO:0007411 | axon guidance | biological_process | The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. [ISBN:0878932437] |
GO:0080090 | regulation of primary metabolic process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. [PMID:19211694] |
GO:0010941 | regulation of cell death | biological_process | Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:0060429 | epithelium development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung] |
GO:0051249 | regulation of lymphocyte activation | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0010038 | response to metal ion | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus. [GOC:sm] |
GO:0007368 | determination of left/right symmetry | biological_process | The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid] |
GO:0042127 | regulation of cell population proliferation | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:jl] |
GO:0000139 | Golgi membrane | cellular_component | The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0050870 | positive regulation of T cell activation | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0010720 | positive regulation of cell development | biological_process | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:0030155 | regulation of cell adhesion | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0043010 | camera-type eye development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu] |
GO:0050867 | positive regulation of cell activation | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0050868 | negative regulation of T cell activation | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0007165 | signal transduction | biological_process | The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11] |
GO:0022408 | negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. [GOC:isa_complete] |
GO:0030336 | negative regulation of cell migration | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0007507 | heart development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. [GOC:jid, UBERON:0000948] |
GO:0030900 | forebrain development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions). [http://www2.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwmednlm?book=Medical&va=forebrain] |
GO:0070201 | regulation of establishment of protein localization | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah] |
GO:0051960 | regulation of nervous system development | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0007162 | negative regulation of cell adhesion | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0006928 | movement of cell or subcellular component | biological_process | The directed, self-propelled movement of a cell or subcellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mlg] |
GO:0007154 | cell communication | biological_process | Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0051716 | cellular response to stimulus | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl] |
GO:0043066 | negative regulation of apoptotic process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] |
GO:0006357 | regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] |
GO:0045121 | membrane raft | cellular_component | Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. [PMID:16645198, PMID:20044567] |
GO:1901564 | organonitrogen compound metabolic process | biological_process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound. [GOC:pr, GOC:TermGenie] |
GO:0007267 | cell-cell signaling | biological_process | Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah] |
GO:0060485 | mesenchyme development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesenchymal tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells. [GOC:dph] |
GO:0050865 | regulation of cell activation | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation, the change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0032944 | regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation. [GOC:add] |
GO:0043069 | negative regulation of programmed cell death | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. [GOC:jl] |
GO:0001947 | heart looping | biological_process | The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation. [GOC:dph, PMID:12094232] |
GO:0045892 | negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] |
GO:0010556 | regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:0048468 | cell development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0045165 | cell fate commitment | biological_process | The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. [ISBN:0716731185] |
GO:0097190 | apoptotic signaling pathway | biological_process | A series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis] |
GO:0010817 | regulation of hormone levels | biological_process | Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:0051223 | regulation of protein transport | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0019222 | regulation of metabolic process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0030162 | regulation of proteolysis | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0051094 | positive regulation of developmental process | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). [GOC:ai] |
GO:0050866 | negative regulation of cell activation | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0042130 | negative regulation of T cell proliferation | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation. [GOC:jl] |
GO:1903037 | regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:rl, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:21106532] |
GO:0048709 | oligodendrocyte differentiation | biological_process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system. [GOC:vp, PMID:15139015] |
GO:0030545 | signaling receptor regulator activity | molecular_function | Binds to and modulates the activity of a receptor. [GOC:ceb] |
GO:1903507 | negative regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:pr, GOC:TermGenie, GOC:txnOH, GOC:vw] |
GO:0048598 | embryonic morphogenesis | biological_process | The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants. [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu] |
GO:0016043 | cellular component organization | biological_process | A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. [GOC:ai, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] |
GO:0003006 | developmental process involved in reproduction | biological_process | A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete] |
GO:1903039 | positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:rl, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:21106532] |
GO:0048729 | tissue morphogenesis | biological_process | The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid] |
GO:0043170 | macromolecule metabolic process | biological_process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0048018 | receptor ligand activity | molecular_function | The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same, or different, cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell, or remain attached to an adjacent cell surface (e.g. Notch ligands). [GOC:kv, GOC:molecular_function_refactoring, GOC:pdt] |
GO:0051252 | regulation of RNA metabolic process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0044093 | positive regulation of molecular function | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. [GO:jl] |
GO:0009888 | tissue development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [ISBN:0471245208] |
GO:0051251 | positive regulation of lymphocyte activation | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0051781 | positive regulation of cell division | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0010605 | negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process | biological_process | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:0045893 | positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] |
GO:0060070 | canonical Wnt signaling pathway | biological_process | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes. [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, PMID:11532397, PMID:19619488] |
GO:0051090 | regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0065009 | regulation of molecular function | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. [GOC:isa_complete] |
GO:0001708 | cell fate specification | biological_process | The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:2001141 | regulation of RNA biosynthetic process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. [GOC:dph] |
GO:0006355 | regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] |
GO:0032879 | regulation of localization | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0009966 | regulation of signal transduction | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. [GOC:sm] |
GO:0001763 | morphogenesis of a branching structure | biological_process | The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes. [ISBN:0721662544] |
GO:0030546 | signaling receptor activator activity | molecular_function | The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased. [GOC:ceb] |
GO:0090090 | negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway | biological_process | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:0009889 | regulation of biosynthetic process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0060560 | developmental growth involved in morphogenesis | biological_process | The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape. [GOC:dph] |
GO:1903038 | negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:rl, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:21106532] |
GO:0048839 | inner ear development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:sr] |
GO:0042221 | response to chemical | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. [GOC:jl] |
GO:0045934 | negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process | biological_process | Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0008152 | metabolic process | biological_process | The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198547684] |
GO:0048523 | negative regulation of cellular process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:jid] |
GO:0051172 | negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. [GOC:ai, GOC:tb] |
GO:0000122 | negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] |
GO:1902679 | negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. [GO:jl, GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie] |
GO:0045944 | positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] |
GO:0051604 | protein maturation | biological_process | Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0008284 | positive regulation of cell population proliferation | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0098772 | molecular function regulator | molecular_function | A molecular function regulator regulates the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target. Examples of molecular function regulators include regulatory subunits of multimeric enzymes and channels. Mechanisms of regulation include allosteric changes in the target and competitive inhibition. [GOC:dos, GOC:pt] |
GO:0032880 | regulation of protein localization | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb] |
GO:0009855 | determination of bilateral symmetry | biological_process | The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to a single longitudinal plane. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0050863 | regulation of T cell activation | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0019219 | regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process | biological_process | Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0009799 | specification of symmetry | biological_process | The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism such that a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts around a common axis, or around each side of a plane is created. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0002684 | positive regulation of immune system process | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. [GOC:add] |
GO:0032784 | regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH] |
GO:0051051 | negative regulation of transport | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0023051 | regulation of signaling | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. [GOC:mtg_signal] |
GO:0031327 | negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah] |
GO:1903506 | regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:pr, GOC:TermGenie, GOC:txnOH, GOC:vw] |
GO:0032501 | multicellular organismal process | biological_process | Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. [GOC:curators, GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:tb] |
GO:0030154 | cell differentiation | biological_process | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. [ISBN:0198506732] |
GO:1903706 | regulation of hemopoiesis | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:pad, GOC:PARL, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:20080761] |
GO:0005829 | cytosol | cellular_component | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl] |
GO:0005102 | signaling receptor binding | molecular_function | Binding to one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. [GOC:bf, GOC:ceb, ISBN:0198506732] |
GO:0002682 | regulation of immune system process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. [GOC:add] |
GO:0005783 | endoplasmic reticulum | cellular_component | The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). [ISBN:0198506732] |
GO:0048519 | negative regulation of biological process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:jid] |
GO:0045595 | regulation of cell differentiation | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0046649 | lymphocyte activation | biological_process | A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. [GOC:mgi_curators, ISBN:0781735149] |
GO:0010629 | negative regulation of gene expression | biological_process | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018] |
GO:0007417 | central nervous system development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. [GOC:bf, GOC:jid, ISBN:0582227089] |
GO:0006996 | organelle organization | biological_process | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0050896 | response to stimulus | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. [GOC:ai, GOC:bf] |
GO:0048869 | cellular developmental process | biological_process | A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition. [GOC:isa_complete] |
GO:0044237 | cellular metabolic process | biological_process | The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0009892 | negative regulation of metabolic process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0050670 | regulation of lymphocyte proliferation | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0042692 | muscle cell differentiation | biological_process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell. [CL:0000187, GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0042981 | regulation of apoptotic process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] |
GO:0010646 | regulation of cell communication | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:0007596 | blood coagulation | biological_process | The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages |
GO:0005788 | endoplasmic reticulum lumen | cellular_component | The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. [ISBN:0198547684] |
GO:0001501 | skeletal system development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb] |
GO:0048518 | positive regulation of biological process | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:jid] |
GO:0002009 | morphogenesis of an epithelium | biological_process | The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb, ISBN:0198506732] |
GO:0048646 | anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis | biological_process | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb] |
GO:0010001 | glial cell differentiation | biological_process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu] |
GO:0048608 | reproductive structure development | biological_process | The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of somatic structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:jid] |
GO:0005789 | endoplasmic reticulum membrane | cellular_component | The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0030177 | positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] |
GO:0009986 | cell surface | cellular_component | The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:sm] |
GO:0065008 | regulation of biological quality | biological_process | Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:vw] |
GO:0023052 | signaling | biological_process | The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered. [GOC:mtg_signal, GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11, GOC:signaling] |
GO:0050794 | regulation of cellular process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0031323 | regulation of cellular metabolic process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0004175 | endopeptidase activity | molecular_function | Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain. [http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#ENDOPEPTIDASE] |
GO:0022409 | positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. [GOC:isa_complete] |
GO:0050767 | regulation of neurogenesis | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells in the nervous system. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0048513 | animal organ development | biological_process | Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid] |
GO:0009967 | positive regulation of signal transduction | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. [GOC:sm] |
GO:0032502 | developmental process | biological_process | A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit |
GO:0023056 | positive regulation of signaling | biological_process | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. [GOC:mtg_signal] |
GO:0005539 | glycosaminoglycan binding | molecular_function | Binding to a glycan (polysaccharide) containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] |
GO:0002696 | positive regulation of leukocyte activation | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. [GOC:add] |
GO:0030217 | T cell differentiation | biological_process | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:jid, GOC:mah] |
GO:0043067 | regulation of programmed cell death | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. [GOC:jl] |
GO:0007010 | cytoskeleton organization | biological_process | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] |
GO:0050769 | positive regulation of neurogenesis | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0010558 | negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process | biological_process | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:0006629 | lipid metabolic process | biological_process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. [GOC:ma] |
GO:0006897 | endocytosis | biological_process | A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0716731363] |
GO:0014706 | striated muscle tissue development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. Skeletal muscle myoblasts fuse to form myotubes and eventually multinucleated muscle fibers. The fusion of cardiac cells is very rare and can only form binucleate cells. [CL:0000737, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_muscle] |
GO:0042475 | odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel. [GOC:cjm, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10333884, PMID:15355794] |
GO:0070887 | cellular response to chemical stimulus | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0048870 | cell motility | biological_process | Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mlg] |
GO:0045665 | negative regulation of neuron differentiation | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0050840 | extracellular matrix binding | molecular_function | Binding to a component of the extracellular matrix. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0002694 | regulation of leukocyte activation | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. [GOC:add] |
GO:0048732 | gland development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion. [GOC:jid] |
GO:0005615 | extracellular space | cellular_component | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. [ISBN:0198547684] |
GO:0050679 | positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0010035 | response to inorganic substance | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus. [GOC:sm] |
GO:0005576 | extracellular region | cellular_component | The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0009887 | animal organ morphogenesis | biological_process | Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. [GOC:dgh, GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0471245208, ISBN:0721662544] |
GO:0090092 | regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway | biological_process | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:2000241 | regulation of reproductive process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0051146 | striated muscle cell differentiation | biological_process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a striated muscle cell; striated muscle fibers are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and voluntary muscle are types of striated muscle. [CL:0000737, GOC:ai] |
GO:0051239 | regulation of multicellular organismal process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:0007389 | pattern specification process | biological_process | Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete, ISBN:0521436125] |
GO:0010468 | regulation of gene expression | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018] |
GO:0035295 | tube development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts. [PMID:12526790] |
GO:0051240 | positive regulation of multicellular organismal process | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0070663 | regulation of leukocyte proliferation | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation. [GOC:add, GOC:mah] |
GO:0021953 | central nervous system neuron differentiation | biological_process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid] |
GO:0022414 | reproductive process | biological_process | A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete] |
GO:0001775 | cell activation | biological_process | A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. [GOC:mgi_curators] |
GO:0010647 | positive regulation of cell communication | biological_process | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:0051962 | positive regulation of nervous system development | biological_process | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0050789 | regulation of biological process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:ai, GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0034243 | regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH] |
GO:1905114 | cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in cell-cell signaling | biological_process | Any cell surface receptor signaling pathway that is involved in cell-cell signaling. [GO_REF:0000060, GOC:TermGenie, ISBN:0-7167-3051-0] |
GO:2000026 | regulation of multicellular organismal development | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development. [GOC:obol] |
GO:0071704 | organic substance metabolic process | biological_process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0031326 | regulation of cellular biosynthetic process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0034504 | protein localization to nucleus | biological_process | A process in which a protein transports or maintains the localization of another protein to the nucleus. [GOC:ecd] |
GO:0048562 | embryonic organ morphogenesis | biological_process | Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. [GOC:jid] |
GO:0097435 | supramolecular fiber organization | biological_process | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a supramolecular fiber, a polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure. [GOC:pr] |
GO:0042129 | regulation of T cell proliferation | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell proliferation. [GOC:jl] |
GO:0060537 | muscle tissue development | biological_process | The progression of muscle tissue over time, from its initial formation to its mature state. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers. [GOC:dph] |
GO:0060548 | negative regulation of cell death | biological_process | Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:0010628 | positive regulation of gene expression | biological_process | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018] |
GO:0030098 | lymphocyte differentiation | biological_process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. [CL:0000542, GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0002521 | leukocyte differentiation | biological_process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. [CL:0000738, GOC:add, PMID:16551264] |
GO:0048583 | regulation of response to stimulus | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. [GOC:jid] |
GO:0009890 | negative regulation of biosynthetic process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0005488 | binding | molecular_function | The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. [GOC:ceb, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] |
GO:0060255 | regulation of macromolecule metabolic process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:0048589 | developmental growth | biological_process | The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0060284 | regulation of cell development | biological_process | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:0030182 | neuron differentiation | biological_process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0016485 | protein processing | biological_process | Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. [GOC:curators, GOC:jl, GOC:jsg] |
GO:0002376 | immune system process | biological_process | Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add] |
GO:0040011 | locomotion | biological_process | Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. [GOC:dgh] |
GO:0050673 | epithelial cell proliferation | biological_process | The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances. [ISBN:0721662544] |
GO:1901360 | organic cyclic compound metabolic process | biological_process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. [GOC:TermGenie] |
GO:0051253 | negative regulation of RNA metabolic process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0001568 | blood vessel development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. [GOC:hjd, UBERON:0001981] |
GO:0045597 | positive regulation of cell differentiation | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0060341 | regulation of cellular localization | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:0045321 | leukocyte activation | biological_process | A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. [GOC:add] |
GO:0051241 | negative regulation of multicellular organismal process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0006807 | nitrogen compound metabolic process | biological_process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] |
GO:0045582 | positive regulation of T cell differentiation | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0051250 | negative regulation of lymphocyte activation | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0051049 | regulation of transport | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0009653 | anatomical structure morphogenesis | biological_process | The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0521436125] |
GO:0008270 | zinc ion binding | molecular_function | Binding to a zinc ion (Zn). [GOC:ai] |
GO:0016477 | cell migration | biological_process | The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. [GOC:cjm, GOC:dph, GOC:ems, GOC:pf, Wikipedia:Cell_migration] |
GO:0051091 | positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0007166 | cell surface receptor signaling pathway | biological_process | A series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a receptor on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell surface receptor, or for receptors that signal in the absence of a ligand, by ligand-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:signaling] |
GO:0035239 | tube morphogenesis | biological_process | The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. [GOC:bf, PMID:14624839] |
GO:0001822 | kidney development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, ISBN:0124020607, ISBN:0721662544] |
GO:0022603 | regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0050793 | regulation of developmental process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0042110 | T cell activation | biological_process | The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. [GOC:mgi_curators, ISBN:0781735149] |
GO:0030010 | establishment of cell polarity | biological_process | The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0005515 | protein binding | molecular_function | Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0019538 | protein metabolic process | biological_process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification. [GOC:ma] |
GO:0048522 | positive regulation of cellular process | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:jid] |
GO:0071840 | cellular component organization or biogenesis | biological_process | A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0005509 | calcium ion binding | molecular_function | Binding to a calcium ion (Ca2+). [GOC:ai] |
GO:0051171 | regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. [GOC:ai, GOC:tb] |
GO:0048856 | anatomical structure development | biological_process | The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. [GO_REF:0000021] |
GO:0045785 | positive regulation of cell adhesion | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0032435 | negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0051050 | positive regulation of transport | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0007224 | smoothened signaling pathway | biological_process | A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened. [GOC:mah, PMID:15205520] |
GO:0048534 | hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hematopoiesis (also known as hemopoiesis) or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation. [GOC:add, GOC:rl, ISBN:0781735149] |
GO:0031324 | negative regulation of cellular metabolic process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. [GOC:mah] |
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