| GO term | GO name | GO namespace | GO def |
| GO:0005654 | nucleoplasm | cellular_component | That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0124325653] |
| GO:0000228 | nuclear chromosome | cellular_component | A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah] |
| GO:0044087 | regulation of cellular component biogenesis | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. [GOC:jl] |
| GO:0008283 | cell population proliferation | biological_process | The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. [GOC:mah, GOC:mb] |
| GO:0031491 | nucleosome binding | molecular_function | Binding to a nucleosome, a complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures. [GOC:mah] |
| GO:0010605 | negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process | biological_process | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
| GO:0048589 | developmental growth | biological_process | The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0031497 | chromatin assembly | biological_process | The assembly of DNA, histone proteins, other associated proteins, and sometimes RNA, into chromatin structure, beginning with the formation of the basic unit, the nucleosome, followed by organization of the nucleosomes into higher order structures, ultimately giving rise to a complex organization of specific domains within the nucleus. [http://www.infobiogen.fr/services/chromcancer/IntroItems/ChromatinEducEng.html, PMID:20404130] |
| GO:0030307 | positive regulation of cell growth | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0033044 | regulation of chromosome organization | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a chromosome. [GOC:mah] |
| GO:0050789 | regulation of biological process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:ai, GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0010639 | negative regulation of organelle organization | biological_process | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
| GO:0000976 | transcription cis-regulatory region binding | molecular_function | Binding to a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription of that section of the DNA. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon. [GOC:txnOH] |
| GO:0006325 | chromatin organization | biological_process | Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:20404130] |
| GO:0043226 | organelle | cellular_component | Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0007281 | germ cell development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0032501 | multicellular organismal process | biological_process | Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. [GOC:curators, GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:tb] |
| GO:0008584 | male gonad development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:jid] |
| GO:0043565 | sequence-specific DNA binding | molecular_function | Binding to DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding. [GOC:jl] |
| GO:0032502 | developmental process | biological_process | A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit |
| GO:0031507 | heterochromatin assembly | biological_process | An epigenetic gene silencing mechanism that involves the assembly of chromatin into heterochromatin, resulting in a chromatin conformation refractory to transcription. This process starts with heterochromatin nucleation, its spreading, and ends with heterochromatin boundary formation. [GOC:mah, PMID:25192661, PMID:33827924] |
| GO:0110165 | cellular anatomical entity | cellular_component | A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. [GOC:kmv] |
| GO:0031490 | chromatin DNA binding | molecular_function | Binding to DNA that is assembled into chromatin. [GOC:mah] |
| GO:0033043 | regulation of organelle organization | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. [GOC:mah] |
| GO:0003676 | nucleic acid binding | molecular_function | Binding to a nucleic acid. [GOC:jl] |
| GO:0048468 | cell development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0010468 | regulation of gene expression | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018] |
| GO:0048609 | multicellular organismal reproductive process | biological_process | The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb] |
| GO:0051128 | regulation of cellular component organization | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. [GOC:ai] |
| GO:0048856 | anatomical structure development | biological_process | The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. [GO_REF:0000021] |
| GO:0030154 | cell differentiation | biological_process | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. [ISBN:0198506732] |
| GO:0019222 | regulation of metabolic process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:1990837 | sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding | molecular_function | Binding to double-stranded DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA, e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding. [GOC:dos, GOC:sl] |
| GO:0050794 | regulation of cellular process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0070828 | heterochromatin organization | biological_process | Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form of chromatin. [GOC:mah] |
| GO:0051129 | negative regulation of cellular component organization | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. [GOC:ai] |
| GO:0032991 | protein-containing complex | cellular_component | A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah] |
| GO:0060255 | regulation of macromolecule metabolic process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
| GO:0065007 | biological regulation | biological_process | Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:vw] |
| GO:0006338 | chromatin remodeling | biological_process | Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation. [GOC:jid, GOC:vw, PMID:12042764, PMID:12697820] |
| GO:0022412 | cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism | biological_process | A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. [GOC:isa_complete] |
| GO:0000977 | RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | molecular_function | Binding to a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:txnOH] |
| GO:0048519 | negative regulation of biological process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:jid] |
| GO:0043229 | intracellular organelle | cellular_component | Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0009987 | cellular process | biological_process | Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete] |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | molecular_function | Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0006333 | chromatin assembly or disassembly | biological_process | The formation or destruction of chromatin structures. [GOC:mah] |
| GO:0032200 | telomere organization | biological_process | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of telomeres, terminal regions of a linear chromosome that include the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] |
| GO:0031982 | vesicle | cellular_component | Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. [GOC:mah, GOC:pz, GOC:vesicles] |
| GO:0048869 | cellular developmental process | biological_process | A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition. [GOC:isa_complete] |
| GO:0005634 | nucleus | cellular_component | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0040007 | growth | biological_process | The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:ma] |
| GO:0032993 | protein-DNA complex | cellular_component | A macromolecular complex containing both protein and DNA molecules. [GOC:mah] |
| GO:0043227 | membrane-bounded organelle | cellular_component | Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0001046 | core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding | molecular_function | Binding to a sequence of DNA that is part of a core promoter region. The core promoter is composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the RNA polymerase and the basal transcription machinery. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon. [GOC:pg, GOC:txnOH] |
| GO:0003677 | DNA binding | molecular_function | Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb, GOC:vw] |
| GO:0044877 | protein-containing complex binding | molecular_function | Binding to a macromolecular complex. [GOC:jl] |
| GO:0007338 | single fertilization | biological_process | The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote. [GOC:ems, GOC:mtg_sensu] |
| GO:0042692 | muscle cell differentiation | biological_process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell. [CL:0000187, GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:2001251 | negative regulation of chromosome organization | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. [GOC:obol] |
| GO:0010629 | negative regulation of gene expression | biological_process | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018] |
| GO:0000781 | chromosome, telomeric region | cellular_component | The end of a linear chromosome, required for the integrity and maintenance of the end. A chromosome telomere usually includes a region of telomerase-encoded repeats the length of which rarely exceeds 20 bp each and that permits the formation of a telomeric loop (T-loop). The telomeric repeat region is usually preceded by a sub-telomeric region that is gene-poor but rich in repetitive elements. Some telomeres only consist of the latter part (for eg. D. melanogaster telomeres). [GOC:elh] |
| GO:0003690 | double-stranded DNA binding | molecular_function | Binding to double-stranded DNA. [GOC:elh, GOC:vw] |
| GO:0009892 | negative regulation of metabolic process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0007286 | spermatid development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0005576 | extracellular region | cellular_component | The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0006997 | nucleus organization | biological_process | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus. [GOC:dph, GOC:ems, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] |
| GO:1901363 | heterocyclic compound binding | molecular_function | Binding to heterocyclic compound. [GOC:TermGenie] |
| GO:0048523 | negative regulation of cellular process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:jid] |
| GO:0003006 | developmental process involved in reproduction | biological_process | A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete] |
| GO:0005694 | chromosome | cellular_component | A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. [ISBN:0198547684] |
| GO:0016043 | cellular component organization | biological_process | A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. [GOC:ai, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] |
| GO:0040029 | regulation of gene expression, epigenetic | biological_process | A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression by remodelling of chromatin by either modifying the chromatin fiber, the nucleosomal histones, or the DNA. Once established, this regulation may be maintained over many cell divisions. It can also be heritable in the absence of the instigating signal. [PMID:10521337, PMID:11498582, PMID:22243696, PMID:34414474] |
| GO:0043232 | intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle | cellular_component | Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0000978 | RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | molecular_function | Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:txnOH-2018] |
| GO:0006334 | nucleosome assembly | biological_process | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a nucleosome, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA. [GOC:mah] |
| GO:0007276 | gamete generation | biological_process | The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell. [GOC:ems, GOC:mtg_sensu] |
| GO:0034724 | DNA replication-independent chromatin organization | biological_process | The formation or destruction of chromatin structures, occurring outside the context of DNA replication. [GOC:mah, PMID:17510629] |
| GO:0043228 | non-membrane-bounded organelle | cellular_component | Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0005488 | binding | molecular_function | The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. [GOC:ceb, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] |
| GO:0043254 | regulation of protein-containing complex assembly | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. [GOC:jl] |
| GO:0022414 | reproductive process | biological_process | A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete] |
| GO:0097159 | organic cyclic compound binding | molecular_function | Binding to an organic cyclic compound, any molecular entity that contains carbon arranged in a cyclic molecular structure. [GOC:sjw, PMID:7583672] |
| GO:0022607 | cellular component assembly | biological_process | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component. [GOC:isa_complete] |
| GO:0071840 | cellular component organization or biogenesis | biological_process | A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. [GOC:mah] |
| GO:0001067 | transcription regulatory region nucleic acid binding | molecular_function | Binding to a nucleic acid region that regulates a nucleic acid-based process. Such processes include transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair. [GOC:txnOH] |
| GO:0003682 | chromatin binding | molecular_function | Binding to chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:20404130] |
| GO:0045814 | negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic | biological_process | An epigenetic process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of gene expression by remodelling of chromatin by either modifying the chromatin fiber, the nucleosomal histones, or the DNA. [PMID:22243696] |