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  • Number of GO Term: 106
GO term GO name GO namespace GO def
GO:0006164 purine nucleotide biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0003008 system process biological_process A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. [GOC:mtg_cardio]
GO:0030546 signaling receptor activator activity molecular_function The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased. [GOC:ceb]
GO:1901137 carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrate derivative. [GOC:TermGenie]
GO:0009152 purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0032879 regulation of localization biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:mah]
GO:0034641 cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah]
GO:0006139 nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process biological_process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. [GOC:ai]
GO:1901564 organonitrogen compound metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound. [GOC:pr, GOC:TermGenie]
GO:0048856 anatomical structure development biological_process The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. [GO_REF:0000021]
GO:0003013 circulatory system process biological_process A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism. [GOC:mtg_cardio]
GO:0060537 muscle tissue development biological_process The progression of muscle tissue over time, from its initial formation to its mature state. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers. [GOC:dph]
GO:0001558 regulation of cell growth biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0006725 cellular aromatic compound metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0005576 extracellular region cellular_component The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0018130 heterocycle biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). [ISBN:0198547684]
GO:0072522 purine-containing compound biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof. [GOC:mah]
GO:0046903 secretion biological_process The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue. [GOC:ai]
GO:0044237 cellular metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0006807 nitrogen compound metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:1901576 organic substance biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. [GOC:pr, GOC:TermGenie]
GO:0048738 cardiac muscle tissue development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]
GO:0022603 regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis. [GOC:mah]
GO:2000026 regulation of multicellular organismal development biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development. [GOC:obol]
GO:0055086 nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process biological_process The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule
GO:1901566 organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound. [GOC:pr, GOC:TermGenie]
GO:0009058 biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. [GOC:curators, ISBN:0198547684]
GO:0044281 small molecule metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. [GOC:curators, GOC:pde, GOC:vw]
GO:0008152 metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198547684]
GO:0051234 establishment of localization biological_process Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. [GOC:ai, GOC:dos]
GO:0048518 positive regulation of biological process biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:jid]
GO:0050789 regulation of biological process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:ai, GOC:go_curators]
GO:0045776 negative regulation of blood pressure biological_process Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_cardio]
GO:0044249 cellular biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:jl]
GO:0007165 signal transduction biological_process The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11]
GO:1901362 organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic cyclic compound. [GOC:TermGenie]
GO:0050793 regulation of developmental process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0009259 ribonucleotide metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0090407 organophosphate biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the biosynthesis of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose. [GOC:chem_mtg]
GO:0046483 heterocycle metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0006810 transport biological_process The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein. [GOC:dos, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]
GO:0019438 aromatic compound biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. [GOC:ai]
GO:0005488 binding molecular_function The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. [GOC:ceb, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0034654 nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. [GOC:mah]
GO:0005737 cytoplasm cellular_component The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684]
GO:0009187 cyclic nucleotide metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0008217 regulation of blood pressure biological_process Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_cardio, ISBN:0721643949]
GO:0051128 regulation of cellular component organization biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. [GOC:ai]
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator molecular_function A molecular function regulator regulates the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target. Examples of molecular function regulators include regulatory subunits of multimeric enzymes and channels. Mechanisms of regulation include allosteric changes in the target and competitive inhibition. [GOC:dos, GOC:pt]
GO:0097746 blood vessel diameter maintenance biological_process Any process that modulates the diameter of blood vessels. [GOC:pr]
GO:0051050 positive regulation of transport biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]
GO:0006753 nucleoside phosphate metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any phosphorylated nucleoside. [GOC:mah]
GO:0072521 purine-containing compound metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof. [GOC:mah]
GO:0044238 primary metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. [GOC:go_curators, http://www.metacyc.org]
GO:1901342 regulation of vasculature development biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. [GOC:TermGenie]
GO:0050878 regulation of body fluid levels biological_process Any process that modulates the levels of body fluids. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0051179 localization biological_process Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation. [GOC:ai, GOC:dos]
GO:0019693 ribose phosphate metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar. [GOC:ai]
GO:0005515 protein binding molecular_function Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0050794 regulation of cellular process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0051241 negative regulation of multicellular organismal process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. [GOC:ai]
GO:0006796 phosphate-containing compound metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid. [GOC:ai]
GO:0007218 neuropeptide signaling pathway biological_process The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a peptide neurotransmitter binding to a cell surface receptor. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194]
GO:0048523 negative regulation of cellular process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:jid]
GO:0032501 multicellular organismal process biological_process Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. [GOC:curators, GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:tb]
GO:0009260 ribonucleotide biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0006793 phosphorus metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus, usually in the form of a phosphate group (PO4). [GOC:ai]
GO:0006457 protein folding biological_process The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:rb]
GO:0009150 purine ribonucleotide metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0090066 regulation of anatomical structure size biological_process Any process that modulates the size of an anatomical structure. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0032991 protein-containing complex cellular_component A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]
GO:0005179 hormone activity molecular_function The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0006163 purine nucleotide metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0044271 cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0040008 regulation of growth biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development. [GOC:ems, GOC:mah]
GO:0009987 cellular process biological_process Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0051049 regulation of transport biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]
GO:0051047 positive regulation of secretion biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. [GOC:ai]
GO:0032502 developmental process biological_process A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit
GO:0071704 organic substance metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. [GOC:mah]
GO:0009165 nucleotide biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0051427 hormone receptor binding molecular_function Binding to a receptor for a hormone. [GOC:ai]
GO:1901360 organic cyclic compound metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. [GOC:TermGenie]
GO:0051239 regulation of multicellular organismal process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:1901135 carbohydrate derivative metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate derivative. [GOC:TermGenie]
GO:0051046 regulation of secretion biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. [GOC:ai]
GO:0009117 nucleotide metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). [GOC:ma]
GO:1901293 nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside phosphate. [GOC:TermGenie]
GO:0009888 tissue development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [ISBN:0471245208]
GO:0007166 cell surface receptor signaling pathway biological_process A series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a receptor on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell surface receptor, or for receptors that signal in the absence of a ligand, by ligand-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:signaling]
GO:0045765 regulation of angiogenesis biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0005102 signaling receptor binding molecular_function Binding to one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. [GOC:bf, GOC:ceb, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0019637 organophosphate metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound. [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity molecular_function The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same, or different, cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell, or remain attached to an adjacent cell surface (e.g. Notch ligands). [GOC:kv, GOC:molecular_function_refactoring, GOC:pdt]
GO:0046390 ribose phosphate biosynthetic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar. [GOC:ai]
GO:0005634 nucleus cellular_component A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0065007 biological regulation biological_process Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:vw]
GO:0007167 enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway biological_process Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the receptor possesses catalytic activity or is closely associated with an enzyme such as a protein kinase, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0815316194]
GO:0030545 signaling receptor regulator activity molecular_function Binds to and modulates the activity of a receptor. [GOC:ceb]
GO:0051240 positive regulation of multicellular organismal process biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. [GOC:ai]
GO:0005615 extracellular space cellular_component That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. [ISBN:0198547684]
GO:0044057 regulation of system process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. [GOC:jl]
GO:0014706 striated muscle tissue development biological_process The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. Skeletal muscle myoblasts fuse to form myotubes and eventually multinucleated muscle fibers. The fusion of cardiac cells is very rare and can only form binucleate cells. [CL:0000737, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_muscle]
GO:0065008 regulation of biological quality biological_process Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:vw]
GO:0019934 cGMP-mediated signaling biological_process Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic GMP (cGMP). Includes production of cGMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. [GOC:signaling]
GO:0048519 negative regulation of biological process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:jid]