GO Terms

GO term	GO name	GO namespace	GO def
GO:0031323	regulation of cellular metabolic process	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. [GOC:mah]
GO:0007166	cell surface receptor signaling pathway	biological_process	A series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a receptor on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell surface receptor, or for receptors that signal in the absence of a ligand, by ligand-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:signaling]
GO:0010033	response to organic substance	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. [GOC:sm, PMID:23356676]
GO:0080134	regulation of response to stress	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). [GOC:dhl]
GO:0005515	protein binding	molecular_function	Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0048839	inner ear development	biological_process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:sr]
GO:0006974	cellular response to DNA damage stimulus	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0065007	biological regulation	biological_process	Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:vw]
GO:0045934	negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process	biological_process	Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0043226	organelle	cellular_component	Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0080090	regulation of primary metabolic process	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. [PMID:19211694]
GO:0006897	endocytosis	biological_process	A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0716731363]
GO:0005829	cytosol	cellular_component	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
GO:0005813	centrosome	cellular_component	A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684]
GO:0051239	regulation of multicellular organismal process	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0035556	intracellular signal transduction	biological_process	The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, GOC:signaling, ISBN:3527303782]
GO:0005516	calmodulin binding	molecular_function	Binding to calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states. [GOC:krc]
GO:0006950	response to stress	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). [GOC:mah]
GO:0009987	cellular process	biological_process	Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0043487	regulation of RNA stability	biological_process	Any process that modulates the propensity of RNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize RNAs. [GOC:jl]
GO:0006082	organic acid metabolic process	biological_process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0043436	oxoacid metabolic process	biological_process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). [Wikipedia:Oxyacid]
GO:0009892	negative regulation of metabolic process	biological_process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0006954	inflammatory response	biological_process	The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. [GO_REF:0000022, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0001817	regulation of cytokine production	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]
GO:0050794	regulation of cellular process	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0010608	posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of an RNA transcript. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0008152	metabolic process	biological_process	The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198547684]
GO:0007169	transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway	biological_process	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:ceb, GOC:signaling]
GO:0002224	toll-like receptor signaling pathway	biological_process	Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:12467241, PMID:12524386, PMID:12855817, PMID:15585605, PMID:15728447]
GO:0019899	enzyme binding	molecular_function	Binding to an enzyme, a protein with catalytic activity. [GOC:jl]
GO:0031324	negative regulation of cellular metabolic process	biological_process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. [GOC:mah]
GO:0048255	mRNA stabilization	biological_process	Prevention of degradation of mRNA molecules. In the absence of compensating changes in other processes, the slowing of mRNA degradation can result in an overall increase in the population of active mRNA molecules. [GOC:jid]
GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	cellular_component	That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0124325653]
GO:0031329	regulation of cellular catabolic process	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah]
GO:0010605	negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process	biological_process	Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0005634	nucleus	cellular_component	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0051179	localization	biological_process	Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation. [GOC:ai, GOC:dos]
GO:0051716	cellular response to stimulus	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl]
GO:0071310	cellular response to organic substance	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. [GOC:mah]
GO:0044237	cellular metabolic process	biological_process	The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0043227	membrane-bounded organelle	cellular_component	Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0048518	positive regulation of biological process	biological_process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:jid]
GO:0019219	regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process	biological_process	Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0006468	protein phosphorylation	biological_process	The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. [GOC:hb]
GO:0004672	protein kinase activity	molecular_function	Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction
GO:0061013	regulation of mRNA catabolic process	biological_process	Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a mRNA catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0080135	regulation of cellular response to stress	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to stress. Cellular response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). [GOC:dhl]
GO:0004674	protein serine/threonine kinase activity	molecular_function	Catalysis of the reactions
GO:0010468	regulation of gene expression	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
GO:0034097	response to cytokine	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. [GOC:sl]
GO:0005524	ATP binding	molecular_function	Binding to ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0043488	regulation of mRNA stability	biological_process	Any process that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mRNAs. [GOC:jl]
GO:0050896	response to stimulus	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. [GOC:ai, GOC:bf]
GO:0016773	phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor	molecular_function	Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to an alcohol group (acceptor). [GOC:jl]
GO:0016301	kinase activity	molecular_function	Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0032496	response to lipopolysaccharide	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464]
GO:0010628	positive regulation of gene expression	biological_process	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
GO:0000165	MAPK cascade	biological_process	An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tiers
GO:0005488	binding	molecular_function	The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. [GOC:ceb, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0007165	signal transduction	biological_process	The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11]
GO:0006690	icosanoid metabolic process	biological_process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. [GOC:ma]
GO:0019901	protein kinase binding	molecular_function	Binding to a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate. [GOC:jl]
GO:0018105	peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	biological_process	The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine. [RESID:AA0037]
GO:0009893	positive regulation of metabolic process	biological_process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0003824	catalytic activity	molecular_function	Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. [GOC:vw, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0006810	transport	biological_process	The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein. [GOC:dos, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]
GO:0009895	negative regulation of catabolic process	biological_process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0051172	negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process	biological_process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. [GOC:ai, GOC:tb]
GO:0048583	regulation of response to stimulus	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. [GOC:jid]
GO:0051234	establishment of localization	biological_process	Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. [GOC:ai, GOC:dos]
GO:0051252	regulation of RNA metabolic process	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. [GOC:ai]
GO:0016772	transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups	molecular_function	Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	cellular_component	The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684]
GO:0031330	negative regulation of cellular catabolic process	biological_process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah]
GO:0042221	response to chemical	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. [GOC:jl]
GO:0007167	enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway	biological_process	Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the receptor possesses catalytic activity or is closely associated with an enzyme such as a protein kinase, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0815316194]
GO:0051240	positive regulation of multicellular organismal process	biological_process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. [GOC:ai]
GO:0051253	negative regulation of RNA metabolic process	biological_process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. [GOC:ai]
GO:0050789	regulation of biological process	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:ai, GOC:go_curators]
GO:0070887	cellular response to chemical stimulus	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. [GOC:mah]
GO:0031982	vesicle	cellular_component	Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. [GOC:mah, GOC:pz, GOC:vesicles]
GO:0051171	regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. [GOC:ai, GOC:tb]
GO:0004712	protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity	molecular_function	Catalysis of the reactions
GO:0051403	stress-activated MAPK cascade	biological_process	A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated MAP kinase cascade relays one or more of the signals; MAP kinase cascades involve at least three protein kinase activities and culminate in the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase. [GOC:ai, PMID:15936270]
GO:0065008	regulation of biological quality	biological_process	Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:vw]
GO:1903311	regulation of mRNA metabolic process	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, GOC:vw]
GO:0031098	stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade	biological_process	A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays one or more of the signals. [GOC:mah]
GO:0046777	protein autophosphorylation	biological_process	The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation). [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0070848	response to growth factor	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]
GO:0019900	kinase binding	molecular_function	Binding to a kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group. [GOC:jl]
GO:0016192	vesicle-mediated transport	biological_process	A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah, ISBN:08789310662000]
GO:0033554	cellular response to stress	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). [GOC:mah]
GO:0071704	organic substance metabolic process	biological_process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. [GOC:mah]
GO:0016740	transferase activity	molecular_function	Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0071363	cellular response to growth factor stimulus	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus. [GOC:mah]
GO:0019222	regulation of metabolic process	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0060255	regulation of macromolecule metabolic process	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0140096	catalytic activity, acting on a protein	molecular_function	Catalytic activity that acts to modify a protein. [GOC:molecular_function_refactoring, GOC:pdt]
GO:0009894	regulation of catabolic process	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0048519	negative regulation of biological process	biological_process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:jid]
GO:0110165	cellular anatomical entity	cellular_component	A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. [GOC:kmv]
GO:0044281	small molecule metabolic process	biological_process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. [GOC:curators, GOC:pde, GOC:vw]
GO:0019752	carboxylic acid metabolic process	biological_process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0048523	negative regulation of cellular process	biological_process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:jid]
GO:0010604	positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process	biological_process	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0001819	positive regulation of cytokine production	biological_process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]

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