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TUT4_ENST00000371544 ,TUT4 ,Q5TAX3
  • Uniprot Accession= Q5TAX3
  • Ensembl Transcript= ENST00000371544.7
  • Uniprot Name= TUT4
  • Name= Terminal uridylyltransferase 4
  • Chromosome= chr1
  • Driver status= Not Cancer Driver
  • Number of GO Term: 114
GO term
GO name
GO namespace
GO def
GO:0009894 regulation of catabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0005488 binding molecular_function The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. [GOC:ceb, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:1901360 organic cyclic compound metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. [GOC:TermGenie]
GO:0000289 nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening biological_process Shortening of the poly(A) tail of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length. [GOC:krc]
GO:0110165 cellular anatomical entity cellular_component A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. [GOC:kmv]
GO:0070569 uridylyltransferase activity molecular_function Catalysis of the transfer of an uridylyl group to an acceptor. [GOC:mah]
GO:0044248 cellular catabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:jl]
GO:0034655 nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. [GOC:mah]
GO:0009896 positive regulation of catabolic process biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0031323 regulation of cellular metabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. [GOC:mah]
GO:0006417 regulation of translation biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. [GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0019439 aromatic compound catabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. [GOC:ai]
GO:0010605 negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process biological_process Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0032502 developmental process biological_process A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit
GO:0031325 positive regulation of cellular metabolic process biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. [GOC:mah]
GO:0097159 organic cyclic compound binding molecular_function Binding to an organic cyclic compound, any molecular entity that contains carbon arranged in a cyclic molecular structure. [GOC:sjw, PMID:7583672]
GO:0043487 regulation of RNA stability biological_process Any process that modulates the propensity of RNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize RNAs. [GOC:jl]
GO:0048523 negative regulation of cellular process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:jid]
GO:0032268 regulation of cellular protein metabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell. [GOC:mah]
GO:0005515 protein binding molecular_function Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0048869 cellular developmental process biological_process A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition. [GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0010468 regulation of gene expression biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
GO:0048522 positive regulation of cellular process biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:jid]
GO:0017148 negative regulation of translation biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. [GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0044260 cellular macromolecule metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah]
GO:0016070 RNA metabolic process biological_process The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0043170 macromolecule metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:mah]
GO:0008270 zinc ion binding molecular_function Binding to a zinc ion (Zn). [GOC:ai]
GO:0005829 cytosol cellular_component The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
GO:0010604 positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process biological_process Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0140098 catalytic activity, acting on RNA molecular_function Catalytic activity that acts to modify RNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis. [GOC:molecular_function_refactoring, GOC:pdt]
GO:0009893 positive regulation of metabolic process biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0032269 negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell. [GOC:mah]
GO:0051171 regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. [GOC:ai, GOC:tb]
GO:0044270 cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0060255 regulation of macromolecule metabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0051173 positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. [GOC:ai, GOC:tb]
GO:0008152 metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198547684]
GO:2000112 regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process. [GOC:obol]
GO:0022414 reproductive process biological_process A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0044237 cellular metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0010558 negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process biological_process Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0031331 positive regulation of cellular catabolic process biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah]
GO:0051248 negative regulation of protein metabolic process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. [GOC:ai]
GO:0010608 posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of an RNA transcript. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0080090 regulation of primary metabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. [PMID:19211694]
GO:0048518 positive regulation of biological process biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:jid]
GO:0034641 cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah]
GO:0034470 ncRNA processing biological_process Any process that results in the conversion of one or more primary non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts into one or more mature ncRNA molecules. [GOC:mah]
GO:0065007 biological regulation biological_process Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:vw]
GO:0010556 regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process biological_process Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0019219 regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process biological_process Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0031326 regulation of cellular biosynthetic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah]
GO:0043227 membrane-bounded organelle cellular_component Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:2000113 negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process. [GOC:obol]
GO:0016772 transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups molecular_function Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0003006 developmental process involved in reproduction biological_process A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0051246 regulation of protein metabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. [GOC:ai]
GO:0050789 regulation of biological process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:ai, GOC:go_curators]
GO:0036464 cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule cellular_component A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm. [GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, PMID:15121898]
GO:0043632 modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, initiated by covalent modification of the target molecule. [GOC:jl]
GO:0006401 RNA catabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0009056 catabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism. [ISBN:0198547684]
GO:0006139 nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process biological_process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. [GOC:ai]
GO:0019222 regulation of metabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:1903311 regulation of mRNA metabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, GOC:vw]
GO:0031329 regulation of cellular catabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah]
GO:0031123 RNA 3'-end processing biological_process Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule. [GOC:mah]
GO:0031324 negative regulation of cellular metabolic process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. [GOC:mah]
GO:0009892 negative regulation of metabolic process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0046700 heterocycle catabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). [GOC:ai]
GO:0046483 heterocycle metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0071704 organic substance metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. [GOC:mah]
GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression biological_process Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
GO:0090304 nucleic acid metabolic process biological_process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0031327 negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah]
GO:0006402 mRNA catabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes. [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:1901361 organic cyclic compound catabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic cyclic compound. [GOC:TermGenie]
GO:1901363 heterocyclic compound binding molecular_function Binding to heterocyclic compound. [GOC:TermGenie]
GO:0034248 regulation of cellular amide metabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. [GOC:mah]
GO:0032501 multicellular organismal process biological_process Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. [GOC:curators, GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:tb]
GO:0009057 macromolecule catabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:mah]
GO:0016740 transferase activity molecular_function Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0051254 positive regulation of RNA metabolic process biological_process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. [GOC:ai]
GO:0044238 primary metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. [GOC:go_curators, http://www.metacyc.org]
GO:1901575 organic substance catabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. [GOC:pr, GOC:TermGenie]
GO:0005737 cytoplasm cellular_component The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684]
GO:0006725 cellular aromatic compound metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0006396 RNA processing biological_process Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules. [GOC:mah]
GO:0061013 regulation of mRNA catabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a mRNA catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0006807 nitrogen compound metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0048519 negative regulation of biological process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:jid]
GO:0045935 positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process biological_process Any cellular process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0043226 organelle cellular_component Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0009889 regulation of biosynthetic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0009987 cellular process biological_process Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0065008 regulation of biological quality biological_process Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:vw]
GO:0000956 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. [GOC:krc]
GO:0005615 extracellular space cellular_component That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. [ISBN:0198547684]
GO:0003676 nucleic acid binding molecular_function Binding to a nucleic acid. [GOC:jl]
GO:0043488 regulation of mRNA stability biological_process Any process that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mRNAs. [GOC:jl]
GO:0034660 ncRNA metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs). [GOC:mah]
GO:0031982 vesicle cellular_component Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. [GOC:mah, GOC:pz, GOC:vesicles]
GO:0016071 mRNA metabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes. [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0050794 regulation of cellular process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0005730 nucleolus cellular_component A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0003723 RNA binding molecular_function Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof. [GOC:jl, GOC:mah]
GO:0009890 negative regulation of biosynthetic process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0051252 regulation of RNA metabolic process biological_process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. [GOC:ai]
GO:0022412 cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism biological_process A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. [GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0051172 negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process biological_process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. [GOC:ai, GOC:tb]
GO:0016779 nucleotidyltransferase activity molecular_function Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotidyl group to a reactant. [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0003824 catalytic activity molecular_function Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. [GOC:vw, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0044265 cellular macromolecule catabolic process biological_process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:jl]