GO term | GO name | GO namespace | GO def |
GO:0098960 | postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity | molecular_function | Neurotransmitter receptor activity occuring in the postsynaptic membrane during synaptic transmission. [GOC:dos, GOC:signaling] |
GO:0016298 | lipase activity | molecular_function | Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0007193 | adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | biological_process | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb, ISBN:0815316194] |
GO:0003824 | catalytic activity | molecular_function | Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. [GOC:vw, ISBN:0198506732] |
GO:0016323 | basolateral plasma membrane | cellular_component | The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0007399 | nervous system development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. [GOC:dgh] |
GO:0050794 | regulation of cellular process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0019722 | calcium-mediated signaling | biological_process | Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions. [GOC:signaling] |
GO:0045211 | postsynaptic membrane | cellular_component | A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. [ISBN:0198506732] |
GO:0050878 | regulation of body fluid levels | biological_process | Any process that modulates the levels of body fluids. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:0097746 | blood vessel diameter maintenance | biological_process | Any process that modulates the diameter of blood vessels. [GOC:pr] |
GO:0008081 | phosphoric diester hydrolase activity | molecular_function | Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester to give a phosphomonoester and a free hydroxyl group. [EC:3.1.4.-, GOC:curators] |
GO:0051234 | establishment of localization | biological_process | Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. [GOC:ai, GOC:dos] |
GO:0032501 | multicellular organismal process | biological_process | Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. [GOC:curators, GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:tb] |
GO:0065008 | regulation of biological quality | biological_process | Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:vw] |
GO:0051239 | regulation of multicellular organismal process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:0042578 | phosphoric ester hydrolase activity | molecular_function | Catalysis of the reaction |
GO:0004888 | transmembrane signaling receptor activity | molecular_function | Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction. [GOC:go_curators, Wikipedia:Transmembrane_receptor] |
GO:0006810 | transport | biological_process | The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein. [GOC:dos, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah] |
GO:0051179 | localization | biological_process | Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation. [GOC:ai, GOC:dos] |
GO:0042166 | acetylcholine binding | molecular_function | Binding to acetylcholine, an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline that functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0003008 | system process | biological_process | A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. [GOC:mtg_cardio] |
GO:0004620 | phospholipase activity | molecular_function | Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid. [ISBN:0198506732] |
GO:0007188 | adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | biological_process | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation or inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0815316194] |
GO:0016020 | membrane | cellular_component | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] |
GO:0050789 | regulation of biological process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:ai, GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0003013 | circulatory system process | biological_process | A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism. [GOC:mtg_cardio] |
GO:0004629 | phospholipase C activity | molecular_function | Catalysis of the reaction |
GO:0032412 | regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity | biological_process | Any process that modulates the activity of an ion transporter. [GOC:mah, GOC:tb] |
GO:0009987 | cellular process | biological_process | Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete] |
GO:0060089 | molecular transducer activity | molecular_function | A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components. [GOC:dos, GOC:pdt] |
GO:0044057 | regulation of system process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. [GOC:jl] |
GO:0005789 | endoplasmic reticulum membrane | cellular_component | The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum. [GOC:mah] |
GO:0048518 | positive regulation of biological process | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:jid] |
GO:0046903 | secretion | biological_process | The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0005515 | protein binding | molecular_function | Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0045202 | synapse | cellular_component | The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. [GOC:aruk, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:24619342, PMID:29383328, PMID:31998110] |
GO:0006939 | smooth muscle contraction | biological_process | A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length. [GOC:ef, GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_muscle, ISBN:0198506732] |
GO:0030594 | neurotransmitter receptor activity | molecular_function | Combining with a neurotransmitter and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity. [GOC:jl, GOC:signaling] |
GO:0007165 | signal transduction | biological_process | The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11] |
GO:0051240 | positive regulation of multicellular organismal process | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. [GOC:ai] |
GO:0016787 | hydrolase activity | molecular_function | Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3. [ISBN:0198506732] |
GO:0038023 | signaling receptor activity | molecular_function | Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response. [GOC:bf, GOC:signaling] |
GO:0007268 | chemical synaptic transmission | biological_process | The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. [GOC:jl, MeSH:D009435] |
GO:0007271 | synaptic transmission, cholinergic | biological_process | The vesicular release of acetylcholine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. [GOC:dos, Wikipedia:Cholinergic] |
GO:0090066 | regulation of anatomical structure size | biological_process | Any process that modulates the size of an anatomical structure. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
GO:0030425 | dendrite | cellular_component | A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, GOC:dos, GOC:mah, GOC:nln, ISBN:0198506732] |
GO:0007186 | G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | biological_process | A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, PMID:16902576, PMID:24568158, Wikipedia:G_protein-coupled_receptor] |
GO:0110165 | cellular anatomical entity | cellular_component | A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. [GOC:kmv] |
GO:0008227 | G protein-coupled amine receptor activity | molecular_function | Combining with an extracellular amine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. [GOC:bf, GOC:dph] |
GO:0065007 | biological regulation | biological_process | Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:vw] |
GO:0098590 | plasma membrane region | cellular_component | A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane. [GOC:dos] |
GO:0006464 | cellular protein modification process | biological_process | The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). [GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0016788 | hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds | molecular_function | Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ester bond. [GOC:jl] |
GO:0004930 | G protein-coupled receptor activity | molecular_function | Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. [GOC:bf, http://www.iuphar-db.org, Wikipedia:GPCR] |
GO:0007187 | G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger | biological_process | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation or inhibition of a nucleotide cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of a cyclic nucleotide. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0815316194] |
GO:0005887 | integral component of plasma membrane | cellular_component | The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:go_curators] |
GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | cellular_component | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363] |
GO:0015464 | acetylcholine receptor activity | molecular_function | Combining with acetylcholine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. [GOC:jl, GOC:signaling] |
GO:0006937 | regulation of muscle contraction | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. [GOC:go_curators] |