GO Terms

GO term	GO name	GO namespace	GO def
GO:0048522	positive regulation of cellular process	biological_process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:jid]
GO:0050679	positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	biological_process	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. [GOC:ai]
GO:0016570	histone modification	biological_process	The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a histone protein. [GOC:krc]
GO:0008152	metabolic process	biological_process	The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198547684]
GO:1901564	organonitrogen compound metabolic process	biological_process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound. [GOC:pr, GOC:TermGenie]
GO:0006338	chromatin remodeling	biological_process	Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation. [GOC:jid, GOC:vw, PMID:12042764, PMID:12697820]
GO:0070887	cellular response to chemical stimulus	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. [GOC:mah]
GO:1903530	regulation of secretion by cell	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:pm, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:12130530]
GO:0051239	regulation of multicellular organismal process	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0040007	growth	biological_process	The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:ma]
GO:0030855	epithelial cell differentiation	biological_process	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium. [GOC:ecd, PMID:11839751]
GO:0003677	DNA binding	molecular_function	Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb, GOC:vw]
GO:0010628	positive regulation of gene expression	biological_process	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
GO:0051213	dioxygenase activity	molecular_function	Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which both atoms of oxygen from one molecule of O2 are incorporated into the (reduced) product(s) of the reaction. The two atoms of oxygen may be distributed between two different products. [DOI:10.1016/S0040-4020(03)00944-X, GOC:bf]
GO:0048729	tissue morphogenesis	biological_process	The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid]
GO:0001763	morphogenesis of a branching structure	biological_process	The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes. [ISBN:0721662544]
GO:0048518	positive regulation of biological process	biological_process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:jid]
GO:0032879	regulation of localization	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:mah]
GO:0023051	regulation of signaling	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. [GOC:mtg_signal]
GO:0016706	2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase activity	molecular_function	Catalysis of the reaction
GO:0050896	response to stimulus	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. [GOC:ai, GOC:bf]
GO:0071704	organic substance metabolic process	biological_process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. [GOC:mah]
GO:0070848	response to growth factor	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]
GO:0048869	cellular developmental process	biological_process	A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition. [GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0071495	cellular response to endogenous stimulus	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism. [GOC:mah]
GO:0044267	cellular protein metabolic process	biological_process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes cellular protein modification. [GOC:jl]
GO:0065007	biological regulation	biological_process	Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:vw]
GO:0044238	primary metabolic process	biological_process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. [GOC:go_curators, http://www.metacyc.org]
GO:0050794	regulation of cellular process	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0051046	regulation of secretion	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. [GOC:ai]
GO:0010817	regulation of hormone levels	biological_process	Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0071310	cellular response to organic substance	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. [GOC:mah]
GO:0010646	regulation of cell communication	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
GO:0030154	cell differentiation	biological_process	The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. [ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0044260	cellular macromolecule metabolic process	biological_process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah]
GO:0019538	protein metabolic process	biological_process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification. [GOC:ma]
GO:0008270	zinc ion binding	molecular_function	Binding to a zinc ion (Zn). [GOC:ai]
GO:0051094	positive regulation of developmental process	biological_process	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). [GOC:ai]
GO:0005634	nucleus	cellular_component	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0065008	regulation of biological quality	biological_process	Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:vw]
GO:0046883	regulation of hormone secretion	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. [GOC:ai]
GO:0060560	developmental growth involved in morphogenesis	biological_process	The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape. [GOC:dph]
GO:0043412	macromolecule modification	biological_process	The covalent alteration of one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule, resulting in a change in its properties. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0042221	response to chemical	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. [GOC:jl]
GO:0070988	demethylation	biological_process	The process of removing one or more methyl groups from a molecule. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl]
GO:0034097	response to cytokine	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. [GOC:sl]
GO:0005515	protein binding	molecular_function	Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0003006	developmental process involved in reproduction	biological_process	A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0003824	catalytic activity	molecular_function	Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. [GOC:vw, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0050789	regulation of biological process	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. [GOC:ai, GOC:go_curators]
GO:0140096	catalytic activity, acting on a protein	molecular_function	Catalytic activity that acts to modify a protein. [GOC:molecular_function_refactoring, GOC:pdt]
GO:0006482	protein demethylation	biological_process	The removal of a methyl group, from a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom. [GOC:mah]
GO:1990837	sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	molecular_function	Binding to double-stranded DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA, e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding. [GOC:dos, GOC:sl]
GO:0003714	transcription corepressor activity	molecular_function	A transcription coregulator activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Corepressors often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription corepressors modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators. [GOC:txnOH-2018, PMID:10213677, PMID:16858867]
GO:0032502	developmental process	biological_process	A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit
GO:0009653	anatomical structure morphogenesis	biological_process	The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0521436125]
GO:0006464	cellular protein modification process	biological_process	The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0009887	animal organ morphogenesis	biological_process	Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. [GOC:dgh, GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0471245208, ISBN:0721662544]
GO:0051049	regulation of transport	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]
GO:0071345	cellular response to cytokine stimulus	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. [GOC:mah]
GO:0044237	cellular metabolic process	biological_process	The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0051240	positive regulation of multicellular organismal process	biological_process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. [GOC:ai]
GO:0032501	multicellular organismal process	biological_process	Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. [GOC:curators, GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:tb]
GO:0048511	rhythmic process	biological_process	Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism. [GOC:jid]
GO:0010033	response to organic substance	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. [GOC:sm, PMID:23356676]
GO:0016705	oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen	molecular_function	Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from each of two donors, and molecular oxygen is reduced or incorporated into a donor. [GOC:mah]
GO:0002009	morphogenesis of an epithelium	biological_process	The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0035239	tube morphogenesis	biological_process	The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. [GOC:bf, PMID:14624839]
GO:0016491	oxidoreductase activity	molecular_function	Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0006807	nitrogen compound metabolic process	biological_process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]
GO:0005829	cytosol	cellular_component	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
GO:0050793	regulation of developmental process	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0042127	regulation of cell population proliferation	biological_process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:jl]
GO:0009987	cellular process	biological_process	Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0009636	response to toxic substance	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus. [GOC:lr]
GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	cellular_component	That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0124325653]
GO:0009719	response to endogenous stimulus	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism. [GOC:sm]
GO:0036211	protein modification process	biological_process	The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). [GOC:bf, GOC:jl]
GO:0032451	demethylase activity	molecular_function	Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a substrate. [GOC:mah]
GO:0048589	developmental growth	biological_process	The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0071363	cellular response to growth factor stimulus	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus. [GOC:mah]
GO:0022414	reproductive process	biological_process	A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete]
GO:0008284	positive regulation of cell population proliferation	biological_process	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0009791	post-embryonic development	biological_process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. [GOC:go_curators]
GO:0007338	single fertilization	biological_process	The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote. [GOC:ems, GOC:mtg_sensu]
GO:0043170	macromolecule metabolic process	biological_process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:mah]
GO:0042393	histone binding	molecular_function	Binding to a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaroytic chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in nonspecific suppression of gene activity. [GOC:jl]
GO:0045892	negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	biological_process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
GO:0051716	cellular response to stimulus	biological_process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl]

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